PDBi (Protein Data Bank in India)

All in One Protein Databank
Home About Help Resources External Links Contact Us
Advanced Search
FASTA Sequence PDB Format mmCIF Format
FASTA Sequence PDB Format PDB Format(gz) PDBx/mmCIF Format PDBx/mmCIF Format(gz) PDBML/XML Format Validation Full PDF Validation CIF

9B1E

Cryo-em structure of native swr1 bound to nucleosome (composite structure)

PDB DOI: 10.2210/pdb9b1e/pdb

Classification: GENE REGULATION
Organism(s): Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct

Deposited: 2024-03-13
Deposition Author(s): Louder, R.K. , Park, G. , Wu, C.

Experimental Data Snapshot

Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Resolution: 4.4 Å

9b1e
Literature

Cryo-em structure of native swr1 bound to nucleosome (composite structure)

Louder, R.K. , Park, G. , Wu, C.

Primary Citation of Related Structures: 9B1E


Proteins
Molecule Chains Sequence Length Organism Sequence
Helicase SWR1 A 1544 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MTTSRKSHAKDKKAGGEQDLADLKFRYDLLTNELFHLREFVSLVDYDPTHFNDSESFQKFLRETHLSLEERGEKFTDDVAKKGTNGDLTRRRRNLRTSTVVSSETTNEKKGDIELKLESIAPLVRNKCEELKYKLSDHSNRKSIVPQKRPIQHLKKREAAKSLKFKSERKENPLPLHEHIAEERYDHIAKVEEPSEAFTIKCPSDDSSFENTSEHYSDNFYFTTSSEEEDIKKKRGRKKKKPRIKLVVHPPKQTITNPLHVVKPGYESLHEYIASFKSLEDDLTLEEYNKYIDEQRRLLSRLKKGIENGALKYDKETDSLQPITSKEIKTIITYKPDPISYFYKQQDLQIHTDHLINQGIHMSKLFRSSTKARIARAKKVSQMIEQHFKHVAGAEERKAKEEERHKKSLARFAVQAVKKRWNMAEKAYRILRKDEEEQLKRIEGKQHLSKMLEKSTQLLEAQLNQVNDDGRSSTPSSDSNDVLSESDDDMDDELSTSSDEDEEVDADVGLENSPASTEATPTDESLNLIQLKEKYGHFNGSSTVYDSRNKDEKFPTLDKHESSSSESSVMTGEESSIYSSSENESQNENDRESDDKTPSVGLSALFGKGEESDGDLDLDDSEDFTVNSSSVEGEELEKDQVDNSAATFERAGDFVHTQNENRDDIKDVEEDAETKVQEEQLSVVDVPVPSLLRGNLRTYQKQGLNWLASLYNNHTNGILADEMGLGKTIQTISLLAYLACEKENWGPHLIVVPTSVLLNWEMEFKRFAPGFKVLTYYGSPQQRKEKRKGWNKPDAFHVCIVSYQLVVQDQHSFKRKRWQYMVLDEAHNIKNFRSTRWQALLNFNTQRRLLLTGTPLQNNLAELWSLLYFLMPQTVIDGKKVSGFADLDAFQQWFGRPVDKIIETGQNFGQDKETKKTVAKLHQVLRPYLLRRLKADVEKQMPAKYEHIVYCKLSKRQRFLYDDFMSRAQTKATLASGNFMSIVNCLMQLRKVCNHPNLFEVRPILTSFVLEHCVASDYKDVERTLLKLFKKNNQVNRVDLDFLNLVFTLNDKDLTSYHAEEISKLTCVKNFVEEVNKLRETNKQLQEEFGEASFLNFQDANQYFKYSNKQKLEGTVDMLNFLKMVNKLRCDRRPIFGKNLIDLLTKDRRVKYDKSSIIDNELIKPLQTRVLDNRKIIDTFAVLTPSAVSLDMRKLALGLNDDSSVGENTRLKVMQNCFEVSNPLHQLQTKLTIAFPDKSLLQYDCGKLQKLAILLQQLKDNGHRALIFTQMTKVLDVLEQFLNYHGYLYMRLDGATKIEDRQILTERFNTDSRITVFILSSRSGGLGINLTGADTVIFYDSDWNPAMDKQCQDRCHRIGQTRDVHIYRFVSEHTIESNILKKANQKRQLDNVVIQEGDFTTDYFSKLSVRDLLGSELPENASGGDKPLIADADVAAKDPRQLERLLAQAEDEDDVKAANLAMREVEIDNDDFDESTEKKAANEEEENHAELDEYEGTAHVDEYMIRFIANGYYYGSGGSGDYKDHDGDYKDHDIDYKDDDDKGS
Histone H3 U 136 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MARTKQTARKSTGGKAPRKQLATKAARKSAPATGGVKKPHRYRPGTVALREIRRYQKSTELLIRKLPFQRLVREIAQDFKTDLRFQSSAVMALQEASEAYLVGLFEDTNLCAIHAKRVTIMPKDIQLARRIRGERA
Histone H3 W 136 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MARTKQTARKSTGGKAPRKQLATKAARKSAPATGGVKKPHRYRPGTVALREIRRYQKSTELLIRKLPFQRLVREIAQDFKTDLRFQSSAVMALQEASEAYLVGLFEDTNLCAIHAKRVTIMPKDIQLARRIRGERA
Histone H4 V 103 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MTGRGKGGKGLGKGGAKRHRKVLRDNIQGITKPAIRRLARRGGVKRISGLIYEETRGVLKVFLENVIRDAVTYTEHAKRKTVTAMDVVYALKRQGRTLYGFGG
Histone H4 X 103 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MTGRGKGGKGLGKGGAKRHRKVLRDNIQGITKPAIRRLARRGGVKRISGLIYEETRGVLKVFLENVIRDAVTYTEHAKRKTVTAMDVVYALKRQGRTLYGFGG
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 72 B 795 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MSDEGADKSLDTNTEFIIQTRSRRSNAGNKLQKLLEQELRDIESTKRQISSYKNGNDDEEDEIGLLFQEDEDDEDFEMMAKDDDDEGEEKEDETQSIRKEPSQASSEQAADDLMFSSSESEDSSNENDEDAEEKEIRRQELLSRKKRNKRLQKGPVVIKKQKPKPKSGEAIPRSHHTHEQLNAETLLLNTRRTSKRSSVMENTMKVYEKLSKAEKKRKIIQERIRKHKEQESQHMLTQEERLRIAKETEKLNILSLDKFKEQEVWKKENRLALQKRQKQKFQPNETILQFLSTAWLMTPAMELEDRKYWQEQLNKRDKKKKKYPRKPKKNLNLGKQDASDDKKRESEESIKNDGDVNSLGENSSSVHNQKRIEETSTNDTVEGESSPDAAVSRVNSDELKPTALPDVTLDAIANKQSTVDEAPNSQPQKNIITNEQKITNVGEPIQNLHNEEIKDEMVSALESRENTFENSSPAAQVVSQRDNSATPTPSNSTGTEDTILISPDTDIKGEPEPCLKTEGIENLSHNVPQETKSNTDVSFLKQVTFTDHPQVAIIDTEESPSKKDTANVDESSAENSLSTQTYEGPEQLTSRNFVTLYDFPNAPPNLKDFNTNLFGDRWSYTNGLSATQRPQDMKTVFHSILPSPPQSSVPSPTVDISLDLSALANFPSFGEYDKKIVHQINTEINKDLEIKIKTQPPTGVFLANGIRKKCLITNKECQYFDPRTGVPYSDVEAYKIIQRIQDPISKEEGRSDIKRDETTNEDSDDQVRFKWFGFKNGGIYLDLSQRPAKGVPEGF
Actin-like protein ARP6 C 438 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct METPPIVIDNGSYEIKFGPSTNKKPFRALNALAKDKFGTSYLSNHIKNIKDISSITFRRPHELGQLTLWELESCIWDYCLFNPSEFDGFDLKEGKGHHLVASESCMTLPELSKHADQVIFEEYEFDSLFKSPVAVFVPFTKSYKGEMRTISGKDEDIDIVRGNSDSTNSTSSESKNAQDSGSDYHDFQLVIDSGFNCTWIIPVLKGIPYYKAVKKLDIGGRFLTGLLKETLSFRHYNMMDETILVNNIKEQCLFVSPVSYFDSFKTKDKHALEYVLPDFQTSFLGYVRNPRKENVPLPEDAQIITLTDELFTIPETFFHPEISQITKPGIVEAILESLSMLPEIVRPLMVGNIVCTGGNFNLPNFAQRLAAELQRQLPTDWTCHVSVPEGDCALFGWEVMSQFAKTDSYRKARVTREEYYEHGPDWCTKHRFGYQNWI
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 71 D 280 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MKALVEEIDKKTYNPDIYFTSLDPQARRYTSKKINKQGTISTSRPVKRINYSLADLEARLYTSRSEGDGNSISRQDDRNSKNSHSFEERYTQQEILQSDRRFMELNTENFSDLPNVPTLLSDLTGVPRDRIESTTKPISQTSDGLSALMGGSSFVKEHSKYGHGWVLKPETLREIQLSYKSTKLPKPKRKNTNRIVALKKVLSSKRNLHSFLDSALLNLMDKNVIYHNVYNKRYFKVLPLITTCSICGGYDSISSCVNCGNKICSVSCFKLHNETRCRNR
RuvB-like protein 1 E 837 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MVAISEVKENPGVNSSNSGAVTRTAAHTHIKGLGLDESGVAKRVEGGFVGQIEAREACGVIVDLIKAKKMSGRAILLAGGPSTGKTALALAISQELGPKVPFCPLVGSELYSVEVKKTETLMENFRRAIGLRIKETKEVYEGEVTELTPEDAENPLGGYGKTISHVIVGLKSAKGTKTLRLDPTIYESIQREKVSIGDVIYIEANTGAVKRVGRSDAYATEFDLETEEYVPLPKGEVHKKKEIVQDVTLHDLDVANARPQGGQDVISMMGQLLKPKKTEITEKLRQEVNKVVAKYIDQGVAELIPGVLFIDEVNMLDIEIFTYLNKALESNIAPVVVLASNRGMTTVRGTEDVISPHGVPPDLIDRLLIVRTLPYDKDEIRTIIERRATVERLQVESSALDLLATMGTETSLRYALQLLAPCGILAQTSNRKEIVVNDVNEAKLLFLDAKRSTKILETSANYLSGGGASMKIEEGKLVIWINGDKGYNGLAEVGKKFEKDTGIKVTVEHPDKLEEKFPQVAATGDGPDIIFWAHDRFGGYAQSGLLAEITPDKAFQDKLYPFTWDAVRYNGKLIAYPIAVEALSLIYNKDLLPNPPKTWEEIPALDKELKAKGKSALMFNLQEPYFTWPLIAADGGYAFKYENGKYDIKDVGVDNAGAKAGLTFLVDLIKNKHMNADTDYSIAEAAFNKGETAMTINGPWAWSNIDTSKVNYGVTVLPTFKGQPSKPFVGVLSAGINAASPNKELAKEFLENYLLTDEGLEAVNKDKPLGAVALKSYEEELAKDPRIAATMENAQKGEIMPNIPQMSAFWYAVRTAVINAASGRQTVDEALKDAQTN
RuvB-like protein 1 G 837 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MVAISEVKENPGVNSSNSGAVTRTAAHTHIKGLGLDESGVAKRVEGGFVGQIEAREACGVIVDLIKAKKMSGRAILLAGGPSTGKTALALAISQELGPKVPFCPLVGSELYSVEVKKTETLMENFRRAIGLRIKETKEVYEGEVTELTPEDAENPLGGYGKTISHVIVGLKSAKGTKTLRLDPTIYESIQREKVSIGDVIYIEANTGAVKRVGRSDAYATEFDLETEEYVPLPKGEVHKKKEIVQDVTLHDLDVANARPQGGQDVISMMGQLLKPKKTEITEKLRQEVNKVVAKYIDQGVAELIPGVLFIDEVNMLDIEIFTYLNKALESNIAPVVVLASNRGMTTVRGTEDVISPHGVPPDLIDRLLIVRTLPYDKDEIRTIIERRATVERLQVESSALDLLATMGTETSLRYALQLLAPCGILAQTSNRKEIVVNDVNEAKLLFLDAKRSTKILETSANYLSGGGASMKIEEGKLVIWINGDKGYNGLAEVGKKFEKDTGIKVTVEHPDKLEEKFPQVAATGDGPDIIFWAHDRFGGYAQSGLLAEITPDKAFQDKLYPFTWDAVRYNGKLIAYPIAVEALSLIYNKDLLPNPPKTWEEIPALDKELKAKGKSALMFNLQEPYFTWPLIAADGGYAFKYENGKYDIKDVGVDNAGAKAGLTFLVDLIKNKHMNADTDYSIAEAAFNKGETAMTINGPWAWSNIDTSKVNYGVTVLPTFKGQPSKPFVGVLSAGINAASPNKELAKEFLENYLLTDEGLEAVNKDKPLGAVALKSYEEELAKDPRIAATMENAQKGEIMPNIPQMSAFWYAVRTAVINAASGRQTVDEALKDAQTN
RuvB-like protein 1 I 837 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MVAISEVKENPGVNSSNSGAVTRTAAHTHIKGLGLDESGVAKRVEGGFVGQIEAREACGVIVDLIKAKKMSGRAILLAGGPSTGKTALALAISQELGPKVPFCPLVGSELYSVEVKKTETLMENFRRAIGLRIKETKEVYEGEVTELTPEDAENPLGGYGKTISHVIVGLKSAKGTKTLRLDPTIYESIQREKVSIGDVIYIEANTGAVKRVGRSDAYATEFDLETEEYVPLPKGEVHKKKEIVQDVTLHDLDVANARPQGGQDVISMMGQLLKPKKTEITEKLRQEVNKVVAKYIDQGVAELIPGVLFIDEVNMLDIEIFTYLNKALESNIAPVVVLASNRGMTTVRGTEDVISPHGVPPDLIDRLLIVRTLPYDKDEIRTIIERRATVERLQVESSALDLLATMGTETSLRYALQLLAPCGILAQTSNRKEIVVNDVNEAKLLFLDAKRSTKILETSANYLSGGGASMKIEEGKLVIWINGDKGYNGLAEVGKKFEKDTGIKVTVEHPDKLEEKFPQVAATGDGPDIIFWAHDRFGGYAQSGLLAEITPDKAFQDKLYPFTWDAVRYNGKLIAYPIAVEALSLIYNKDLLPNPPKTWEEIPALDKELKAKGKSALMFNLQEPYFTWPLIAADGGYAFKYENGKYDIKDVGVDNAGAKAGLTFLVDLIKNKHMNADTDYSIAEAAFNKGETAMTINGPWAWSNIDTSKVNYGVTVLPTFKGQPSKPFVGVLSAGINAASPNKELAKEFLENYLLTDEGLEAVNKDKPLGAVALKSYEEELAKDPRIAATMENAQKGEIMPNIPQMSAFWYAVRTAVINAASGRQTVDEALKDAQTN
RuvB-like protein 2 F 471 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MSIQTSDPNETSDLKSLSLIAAHSHITGLGLDENLQPRPTSEGMVGQLQARRAAGVILKMVQNGTIAGRAVLVAGPPSTGKTALAMGVSQSLGKDVPFTAIAGSEIFSLELSKTEALTQAFRKSIGIKIKEETELIEGEVVEIQIDRSITGGHKQGKLTIKTTDMETIYELGNKMIDGLTKEKVLAGDVISIDKASGKITKLGRSFARSRDYDAMGADTRFVQCPEGELQKRKTVVHTVSLHEIDVINSRTQGFLALFTGDTGEIRSEVRDQINTKVAEWKEEGKAEIVPGVLFIDEVHMLDIECFSFINRALEDEFAPIVMMATNRGVSKTRGTNYKSPHGLPLDLLDRSIIITTKSYNEQEIKTILSIRAQEEEVELSSDALDLLTKTGVETSLRYSSNLISVAQQIAMKRKNNTVEVEDVKRAYLLFLDSARSVKYVQENESQYIDDQGNVQISIAKSADPDAMDTTE
RuvB-like protein 2 H 471 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MSIQTSDPNETSDLKSLSLIAAHSHITGLGLDENLQPRPTSEGMVGQLQARRAAGVILKMVQNGTIAGRAVLVAGPPSTGKTALAMGVSQSLGKDVPFTAIAGSEIFSLELSKTEALTQAFRKSIGIKIKEETELIEGEVVEIQIDRSITGGHKQGKLTIKTTDMETIYELGNKMIDGLTKEKVLAGDVISIDKASGKITKLGRSFARSRDYDAMGADTRFVQCPEGELQKRKTVVHTVSLHEIDVINSRTQGFLALFTGDTGEIRSEVRDQINTKVAEWKEEGKAEIVPGVLFIDEVHMLDIECFSFINRALEDEFAPIVMMATNRGVSKTRGTNYKSPHGLPLDLLDRSIIITTKSYNEQEIKTILSIRAQEEEVELSSDALDLLTKTGVETSLRYSSNLISVAQQIAMKRKNNTVEVEDVKRAYLLFLDSARSVKYVQENESQYIDDQGNVQISIAKSADPDAMDTTE
RuvB-like protein 2 J 471 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MSIQTSDPNETSDLKSLSLIAAHSHITGLGLDENLQPRPTSEGMVGQLQARRAAGVILKMVQNGTIAGRAVLVAGPPSTGKTALAMGVSQSLGKDVPFTAIAGSEIFSLELSKTEALTQAFRKSIGIKIKEETELIEGEVVEIQIDRSITGGHKQGKLTIKTTDMETIYELGNKMIDGLTKEKVLAGDVISIDKASGKITKLGRSFARSRDYDAMGADTRFVQCPEGELQKRKTVVHTVSLHEIDVINSRTQGFLALFTGDTGEIRSEVRDQINTKVAEWKEEGKAEIVPGVLFIDEVHMLDIECFSFINRALEDEFAPIVMMATNRGVSKTRGTNYKSPHGLPLDLLDRSIIITTKSYNEQEIKTILSIRAQEEEVELSSDALDLLTKTGVETSLRYSSNLISVAQQIAMKRKNNTVEVEDVKRAYLLFLDSARSVKYVQENESQYIDDQGNVQISIAKSADPDAMDTTE
SWR1-complex protein 3 K 625 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MPAVLRTRSKESSIEQKPASRTRTRSRRGKRGRDDDDDDDDEESDDAYDEVGNDYDEYASRAKLATNRPFEIVAGLPASVELPNYNSSLTHPQSIKNSGVLYDSLVSSRRTWVQGEMFELYWRRPKKIVSESTPAATESPTSGTIPLIRDKMQKMCDCVMSGGPHTFKVRLFILKNDKIEQKWQDEQELKKKEKELKRKNDAEAKRLRMEERKRQQMQKKIAKEQKLQLQKENKAKQKLEQEALKLKRKEEMKKLKEQNKNKQGSPSSSMHDPRMIMNLNLMAQEDPKLNTLMETVAKGLANNSQLEEFKKFIEIAKKRSLEENPVNKRPSVTTTRPAPPSKAKDVAEDHRLNSITLVKSSKTAATEPEPKKADDENAEKQQSKEAKTTAESTQVDVKKEEEDVKEKGVKSEDTQKKEDNQVVPKRKRRKNAIKEDKDMQLTAFQQKYVQGAEIILEYLEFTHSRYYLPKKSVVEFLEDTDEIIISWIVIHNSKEIEKFKTKKIKAKLKADQKLNKEDAKPGSDVEKEVSFNPLFEADCPTPLYTPMTMKLSGIHKRFNQIIRNSVSPMEEVVKEMEKILQIGTRLSGYNLWYQLDGYDDEALSESLRFELNEWEHAMRSRRHKR
Histone H2A Q 132 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MSGGKGGKAGSAAKASQSRSAKAGLTFPVGRVHRLLRRGNYAQRIGSGAPVYLTAVLEYLAAEILELAGNAARDNKKTRIIPRHLQLAIRNDDELNKLLGNVTIAQGGVLPNIHQNLLPKKSAKATKASQEL
Histone H2A S 132 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MSGGKGGKAGSAAKASQSRSAKAGLTFPVGRVHRLLRRGNYAQRIGSGAPVYLTAVLEYLAAEILELAGNAARDNKKTRIIPRHLQLAIRNDDELNKLLGNVTIAQGGVLPNIHQNLLPKKSAKATKASQEL
Histone H2B R 131 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MSAKAEKKPASKAPAEKKPAAKKTSTSTDGKKRSKARKETYSSYIYKVLKQTHPDTGISQKSMSILNSFVNDIFERIATEASKLAAYNKKSTISAREIQTAVRLILPGELAKHAVSEGTRAVTKYSSSTQA
Histone H2B T 131 Drosophila Melanogaster , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae W303 , Synthetic Construct MSAKAEKKPASKAPAEKKPAAKKTSTSTDGKKRSKARKETYSSYIYKVLKQTHPDTGISQKSMSILNSFVNDIFERIATEASKLAAYNKKSTISAREIQTAVRLILPGELAKHAVSEGTRAVTKYSSSTQA

Nucleic Acids / Hybrid
Molecule Chains Sequence Length Organism Sequence
DNA (214-MER) y 214 NA ATCGCATCGATCTTCACACCGAGTTCATCCCTTATGTGATGGACCCTATACGCGGCCGCCCTGGAGAATCCCGGTGCCGAGGCCGCTCAATTGGTCGTAGCAAGCTCTAGCACCGCTTAAACGCACGTACGCGCTGTCCCCCGCGTTTTAACCGCCAAGGGGATTACTCCCTAGTCTCCAGGCACGTGTCAGATATATACATCCTGTGCATGAT
DNA (214-MER) z 214 NA ATCATGCACAGGATGTATATATCTGACACGTGCCTGGAGACTAGGGAGTAATCCCCTTGGCGGTTAAAACGCGGGGGACAGCGCGTACGTGCGTTTAAGCGGTGCTAGAGCTTGCTACGACCAATTGAGCGGCCTCGGCACCGGGATTCTCCAGGGCGGCCGCGTATAGGGTCCATCACATAAGGGATGAACTCGGTGTGAAGATCGATGCGAT
Experimental Data

Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Deposited Date: 2024-03-13
Deposition Author(s): Louder, R.K. , Park, G. , Wu, C.